Surface water resources are subject to climate change, particularly in arid zones such as Morocco's central plateau, and to the massive demand placed on water by human activities, which calls for equitable management of water potential, In this sense, hydraulic engineering is a solution for better storage and management of surface water, as well as for mitigating and adapting to climate variability. This is the aim of the Ain Kwaachia dam on the Ykem river in the northwestern part of the central plateau of Morocco. While the use of remote sensing technology, based on the acquisition of satellite images, is a kind of machine learning to quantify spatio-temporal variations in water potential, so the processing and the analysis of these image data, based on a GIS geographic information system, and this, from the Land Use index for land cover, with an unsupervised classification from 2008, the year of commissioning of the dam subject of this research, and a supervised classification around the year 2021. The results obtained show that the variations affecting the study area have been noticeable in recent years, from 9.78 km(2) for 2016, to 4.23 km(2) for 2021, as a result of the repercussions of climate change, with falling rainfall on the one hand, and in the other hand rising temperatures.