Verticillium wilt (VW) is threatening global cotton yield and quality. However, the accurate spatio-temporal dynamics of cotton VW in large regions remain unclear, especially in the complicated oasis agriculture ecosystem. We explored the spatio-temporal distribution of VW in the cotton-dominated region of Northern Xinjiang characterized by a typical desert-oasis irrigation agriculture ecosystem, utilizing reconstructed highresolution time series remote sensing data from 2019 to 2021. Results revealed that the area of VW-infected cotton remained consistently around 20 % each year. However, there were significant seasonal variations, with outbreaks peaking in August. Regarding the spatial pattern of cotton VW, the mean temperature (TMP) difference in irrigated cotton fields along the Gurbantunggut Desert-oasis gradient reaches a maximum of approximately 1 degree celsius caused by warming effect of the desert on the oasis (WEDO) during the cotton growing period. This TMP difference drives the spatial pattern of cotton VW incidence characterized by a low-to-high-tomoderate trend. WEDO significantly suppresses the cotton VW incidence due to relatively higher TMP, forming the low-risk zone for cotton VW within 16 km near the Gurbantunggut Desert. Our study significantly enhances the understanding of the spatio-temporal dynamics of cotton VW in the distinctive oasis irrigation agricultural ecosystem and advances the accurate monitoring and assessment of cotton VW across large regions.