Nest-site selection by Ammomanes deserti of southern Iran

We evaluated the effect of habitat characteristics on the nest-site selection of desert lark (Ammomanes deserti) in southern Iran. Habitat variables were measured within 1- and 4-m radius circle plots around 20 active nests and 20 randomly selected control locations. All the detected nests were located beside a big stone with a maximum weight of 6.5 kg. The percentage cover of <50mm sized gravel and non-vegetated areas within both plot sizes as well as the percentage cover of >= 50mm sized gravel in 4-m radius plots were the most important variables affecting nest-site selection by desert lark. About 40% of the nests were built on flat plains, 30% on eastern domains, 15% on southeastern domains, and 10% on southern domains. The majority of the nests' entrances were oriented toward the east (50%) and the south (25%) directions to reduce fluctuations in the nests' microclimate caused by adverse wind and direct exposure to sunlight. Our results revealed that the desert lark's nest-sites are mainly characterised by the availability of big stones, appropriateness of geographical aspect, the internal slope of the stones, and nest entrance orientation. Environmental characteristics contributing to stabilising nest microclimate are the most important variables influencing the pattern of nest-site selection by the desert lark.