The Chinese Loess Plateau plays a crucial role in soil and water conservation and ecological restoration. China has implemented the Grain for Green project since the year 2000 to address the problem of soil erosion in the aforementioned region. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Grain for Green project by analyzing the temporal and spatial changes in soil erosion on the Loess Plateau from the year 2000 to 2021. The spatiotemporal characteristics of soil erosion on the Loess Plateau were evaluated from both water and wind erosion perspectives. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was used for water erosion assessment, while the Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ) was used for wind erosion assessment. The average annual water and wind erosion intensities were 14.56 and 3.95 tha- 1yr- 1, respectively, during the study period. Vegetation coverage, erosive rainfall, and erosive wind intensity showed an increasing trend, while the conversion of land use types primarily involved transforming cropland, bare land, and shrubland into forest and grassland. The comprehensive dynamic changes in various factors resulted in a considerable decrease in water erosion, while wind erosion did not exhibit a remarkable trend over time. Overall, the Grain for Green project has achieved remarkable effectiveness. Increasing vegetation coverage in each subregion is recommended to control soil erosion further, with specific recommended increments as follows: Gully region (4.29%), Hilly-gully region (3.27%), Valley Plain region (2.18%), Earth-rock Mountain region (2.86%), Irrigation region (1.21%), and Sandy region (1.00%). Under optimized vegetation coverage conditions, the intensities of water and wind erosion decreased by 72.03% and 7.20%, respectively. However, 18.50% of the region still experienced water erosion intensity, and 6.72% experienced wind erosion intensity, which reached extremely slight or high levels. Therefore, these areas may require additional soil conservation measures to address soil erosion issues. Specific measures should be tailored to the actual conditions and be in accordance with the overall goals of Loess Plateau management and the development needs of the Yellow River Basin.