Various factors influence biocrust effects on infiltration and soil moisture. On China's Loess Plateau, well-developed moss-dominated biocrusts reduce infiltration and suppress shrub growth, however, the interrelationships between rainfall conditions and disturbance management to alleviate these impacts are unknown. In a semiarid watershed on the Loess Plateau, we applied two forms of disturbance, scarification (controlled harrowing) and compaction (simulated grazing), at four intensity levels (control-intact, light, moderate, and heavy) to well-developed moss-dominated biocrusts and a bare soil (BS) for comparisons to form eight treatments with three replications. Rainfall intensity and depth, soil moisture, run-off, and sediment yield were measured during the rainy season (July-October). In total, well-developed biocrusts did not significantly affect infiltration but reduced soil moisture at depths of 120-180 cm (p < 0.05), and disturbance increased infiltration and deep soil moisture beneath biocrusts (p < 0.05). Rainfall conditions changed the effects of biocrusts and disturbance. Under long, low-intensity rainfall, moss-dominated biocrust infiltration was slightly greater than BS, but scarification increased infiltration and compaction reduced it (p < 0.001). Under short, high-intensity rainfall, biocrusts reduced infiltration, and disturbance intensity increased infiltration and sediment yields (p < 0.001). Light grazing or using light or moderate scarification improves well-developed moss-dominated biocrust infiltration in the pastures during May-June before the rainy season during July-October on the Loess Plateau, while avoiding increased soil erosion.