Soil organic carbon (SOC) pools are significantly influenced by soil erosion, which governs the redistribution of SOC. On the Loess Plateau, land surface alterations induced by the Grain for Green Program have modulated slope runoff hydrodynamics, consequently affecting SOC loss. This study investigates the impact of runoff hydrodynamic parameters on SOC loss by evaluating two widely implemented soil and water conservation measures in the region: vegetation cover and terrace construction. Rainfall simulation experiments were conducted on seven different slope treatments: bare slope, up-slope vegetation, mid-slope vegetation, down-slope vegetation, mid-slope terraces, up-slope vegetation combined with mid-slope terraces, and down-slope vegetation combined with mid-slope terraces. Simulated rainfall at an intensity of 90 mm/h was applied using a physical model of the slope-gully system. Results indicated that slope treatments significantly modified runoff hydrodynamic parameters. Compared with the bare slope, all other treatments effectively reduced runoff hydrodynamic parameters, with the most pronounced effect observed in down-slope vegetation combined with mid-slope terraces. Additionally, down-slope vegetation combined with mid-slope terraces reduced SOC loss by 29.39 %, surpassing the reduction achieved by other measures. Furthermore, unit runoff energy consumption exhibited the strongest correlation with SOC loss across all treatments, following the functional relationship y = axb, where 'b' represents the SOC loss coefficient. Overall, slope management measures altered runoff hydrodynamic parameters characteristics, thereby influencing SOC loss. These findings provide a crucial basis for refining predictive models of SOC loss based on runoff hydrodynamic parameters.