Sandy soils present more than 70% of sand in their composition. This soil type presents rapid water infiltration, susceptibility to drought and erosion by wind, and low ability to hold water and nutrients. Therefore, this environment is not appropriate for agricultural activities under conventional tillage. Thus, this review aims to study sandy soils and the main challenges necessary to achieve sustainable and efficient production in this soil type. Physical, chemical, and biological soil properties studied include hydrophobicity, compaction, runoff and erosion, fertility, pathogen management, and salinity. Considering all literature cited, the main challenge for achieving efficient management of sandy soils comprises identifying the correct balance and the type of organic matter applied in these sandy areas. No-tillage management and crop rotation comprise the most promising management techniques for sandy soil cultivation developed until now. This paper reviews of the main issues found for the proper cultivation of sandy soils. The increasing global pressure for land resources requires developing methodologies for the sustainable use of sandy soils for agricultural purposes aimed at sustaining the growth of the world's population.