The variability of climate in the South-West of Romania, in particular the lack of rainfall and low fertility of sandy soils, conduct to register in large surface important decreases of yields to the main crops. In this context, to promote sustainable agriculture in drought conditions, we have to found and recommend those species of plants that are more adaptable in existing thermo-hydric stress conditions and ensure good stability of yields obtained. The deepening drought in the south led to a chronic problem in southern Oltenia Plain, especially in area of sandy soils. Excessive droughts in 1992, 2000, 2002, 2007, manifested particularly severe in the South-West of Romania, was a typical example of a natural disaster. Harvests obtained in drought years were drastically affected and varied between 1-3 t/ha (maize), 1 t/ha (wheat), 500 kg/ha (soybean) and 500 kg/ha (sunflower) - [1]. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is one of the plants which recover with good results the biological potential of the mentioned area due to its resistance to drought and low claims against the natural fertility of the soil. Due to the high content of protein, both plant and grain, cowpea is considered the queen of areas with sandy soils, with multiple uses: human nutrition as pods or grains; improving soil fertility; inserting cowpea crop in rotation; using as green manure by cultivating the plant and in the stage of flowering and incorporating in the soil; through its participation in animal nutrition with sorghum or rye to obtaining of dried fodder and silage [2]. Because of biological and morphological particularities as: very strong root system with high power absorption, waxy coating on the leaves which would give a greater resistance to thermo-hydric stress conditions and the possibility of biological fixation of nitrogen thru symbiotic bacteria of Rhizobium genus, cowpea is successfully grown in different crop rotation on sandy soils area of Nigeria [3], [4]. Our research focused on increased resistance to drought, reduced requirements to soil fertility and high content of protein shows that cowpea can be a viable alternative for bean crop for human food and soybean crop used for animal feed, plants which are very sensitive to stress factors in areas with excessive drought.