Chemical composition of Egyptian Iphiona scabra (DC) essential oil has a very few studies, so, this present investigation was carried out to study the essential oil content and chemical composition of Iphiona scabra (DC) plants as a new natural source of essential oil. Plant material was collected from wild plant populations of Iphiona scabra (DC) [family Compositae (Astraceae)]: growing in sandy soils on Gebel Elba region approximately 1200 km south of Cairo. The essential oils obtained by water distillation from dry aerial parts of Iphiona scabra (DC). The percentage of essential oil was 0.2%. Seventeen constituents representing 86% of the Egyptian Iphiona scabra (DC) essential oil were identified. The major components of Egyptian Iphiona scabra (DC) essential are alpha-cadinol (29.0%), gamma-muurolene (23.5%), alpha-eudesmol (8.0%), beta-gurjunene (7.0%), cis-nerolidol (6.4%) and delta-cadinene (3.1%). Minor component is limonene (0.2%). It is evident that the oxygenated sesquiterpene reached its highest concentrations (49.7%), followed by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (34.6%) in essential oil compared with the other chemical classes' monoterpene hydrocarbons (1.7) and oxygenated monoterpene (0.9%). It may report that the essential oil obtained from dry aerial parts of Egyptian Iphiona scabra (DC) belongs to the alpha-cadinol chemo-type. (c) All Rights Reserved