The Loess Plateau in the northern Shaanxi Province is one of the areas with serious soil erosion in China. Affected by the implementation of the Grain for Green project, land use types and vegetation status have changed considerably. To assess the impacts of these changes on soil erosion has important theoretical and practical significance. Taking the Wuding River Basin and Luohe River Basin in northern Shaanxi as examples, land use data, normalized difference vegetation index, and daily rainfall data, as well as digital elevation model, soil type data, combined with the revised universal soil loss equation, the change of the soil erosion modulus were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the implementation of the Grain for Green project has promoted the conversion of farmland to grassland and forest land (concentrated in 2000-2005). In 2000-2014, the change rate of land use and NDVI in the areas with a slope >= 25 degrees were higher than those areas with a slope < 25 degrees and across the entire basin. Affected by this, the change rate of the soil erosion modulus difference value at areas with a slope >= 25 degrees was higher than that at areas with a slope < 25 degrees. (2) The soil erosion modulus of both basins increased from 2000 to 2014. Without considering the impact of changed precipitation, the soil erosion modulus of both basins showed a decreasing. This proves that the implementation of the GGP, converting farmland into forest land and grassland, has improved the vegetation coverage and reduced soil erosion.