High temperatures can substantially reduce the yield of rain-fed wheat at any stage of crop development. They can result in poor establishment, poor floral fertility, inopportune flowering time, or inadequate grain filling. They can inflict damage through sudden heat shock, such as leaf scorching or pollen sterility, or by chronic effects of sustained above-optimal or average temperatures. There are good immediate prospects to protect the crop's canopy from heat damage during reproductive phases by breeding for the specific morphological traits of erect and glaucous flag leaves, combined with the ability of the leaves to roll in hot and dry conditions. These traits are present in current cultivars, but their frequencies are low and their combination is rare. There is a good opportunity to increase their frequency and to pyramid them in the next generation of cultivars to help cope with rising temperatures. The interactions between heat and drought can greatly reduce yield. There are synergistic interactions between breeding and agronomic management (G*M) that can substantially increase yield in hot and dry conditions. Early sowing is beneficial and can be facilitated by water in the subsoil, but it requires new cultivars with appropriate developmental patterns and long coleoptiles that enable deep sowing. Suitable management can defer the use of this water for use during grain filling, when its availability may help mitigate potential heat damage. There is good evidence that in recent decades farmers have experienced increases in both seasonal average temperatures and extreme heat events. This trend is likely to continue. Synergistic breeding and agronomic possibilities have good prospects to substantially reduce heat damage within the trade-offs involved in farming systems. Further, recent advances in the understanding of the meteorological patterns and underlying climate drivers of heat events are leading to forecasts of the likelihood of heat events at a multi week and seasonal timescale. These forecasts, as they improve, have the potential to refine the Genetic * Environment * Management (G*E*M) choices for wheat farmers.