Drylands are particularly vulnerable to climate change, but the human societies living and sustaining a livelihood in these regions harbor undeniable qualities to face this risk. In southern Morocco, the reactivity of agro-pastoral activities to climatic variations is allowed by technical and institutional practices, that both favor flexibility. Herd mobility and differential crop management according to rainfall distribution will be developed in this article. We will also show how property rights on natural resources and labor distribution enhance reactivity and risk management. Reciprocity and flexibility, two keystones of dryland agro-pastoral systems, could consequently constitute two answers to current climatic challenges.