The essential oil of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) is largely used as a substrate for synthesis of various food and pharmaceutical substances. Desert regions in Egypt are characterized by poor nutrients (macro and micro) and unfavorable environmental conditions which negatively affect aromatic plants including anise plants. Plant nutrition (macro and micro nutrients) one of the most important factors that affected the essential oil production. Fertilization with N-3 (200 kg N ha(-1)), P-3 (75 kg P2O5 ha(-1)) x micronutrients resulted the maximum mean values of essential oil content (3.3%) and yields (0.3 ml plant(-1)). The lowest essential oil content (2.4%) and yield (t ml plant-1) were recorded at control treatments. The highest amount of major compounds [trans-anethole (65.6%), estragole (5.6%), fenchone (5.6%) and camphor (3.1%)] resulted from the N3P3 x micronutrients treatment. The chemical classes of essential oil such as monoterpene hydrocarbons decreased in all treatments compared with untreated control, however oxygenated monoterpenes increased. On the other hand sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes were changed in all treatments compared with untreated control. (C) All Rights Reserved