This contribution analyzes the similarities and differences between the measured activities of Cs-137 and excess Pb-210 ( Pb-210(ex)) in the cultivated brown and cinnamon soils of the Yimeng Mountain area, discusses the influence of soil texture on the measurement of Pb-210(ex), and presents differences between the two types of soils. Fields A and B were selected to represent the fields that contain cultivated brown and cinnamon soils, respectively. From either study field, one site of sectioned core and six bulk cores were collected to measure Cs-137 levels, Pb-210(ex) levels, and the particle-size composition of soil samples. Three undisturbed soil samples were collected to measure capillary and aeration porosities. The Cs-137 inventories for the two study fields are very similar. The Cs-137 is a man-made radionuclide, which means that its measured levels for soils are unaffected by soil texture. In contrast, levels of the naturally occurring Pb-210(ex) of soils from Field A were lower than those of Field B by about 50%. In contrast to aquatic sediments, levels of Pb-210(ex) in terrestrial surface soils are affected by the emanation of Rn-222 from the soils. It can be assumed that the coarser the soils, the greater the emanation of Rn-222; in addition, the lower the measured Pb-210(ex), the greater the underestimate of this value. The cultivated brown soils in Field A are coarser than the cultivated cinnamon soils in Field B. As a result, Rn-222 in Field A will diffuse more easily into the atmosphere than that in Field B. As a consequence, the measured Pb-210(ex) in soils from Field A is much lower than the actual value, whereas the value measured for Field B is much closer to the actual value.