Henderson, C. M. , Davydov, V. I. , Wardlaw, B. R. , Gradstein, F. M. , Hammer, O.
2012 GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE 2012, VOLS 1 & 2 2012 null(卷), null(期), (653-679页)
Pangea moves north. Ice-house to greenhouse (humid to arid) climate transition; dramatic reduction of coal swamps and amphibian habitat; some spore-bearing plants extinct; major evaporites; changes in internal and external carbonate invertebrate skeletons; major diversification of fusulinacean foraminifers, ammonoids, bryozoans, and brachiopods, then major end-Permian extinction of fusulinacean foraminifers, trilobites, rugose and tabulate corals, blastoids, acanthodians, placoderms, and pelycosaurs; dramatic reduction of bryozoans, brachiopods, ammonoids, sharks, bony fish, crinoids, eurypterids, ostracodes, and echinoderms. [GRAPHICS] .
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