DRIVERS OF CHANGE IN ECOSYSTEMS SERVICES AND RESPONSES
2010 LIVELIHOODS AND VULNERABILITY IN THE ARID AND SEMI-ARID LANDS OF SOUTHERN AFRICA: EXPLORING THE LINKS BETWEEN ECOSYSTEM SERICES AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION 2010 null(卷), null(期), (165-219页)
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The previous chapters indicated that many ecosystem services in the arid and semi-arid lands of southern Africa are experiencing changes, mostly commonly a decline in quantity and/or quality. Where such changes are clear, and the drivers of change understood, then appropriate actions can be taken. However, policy and project interventions to secure the delivery of ecosystem services must be grounded on a thorough understanding of what factors are driving any observed changes at different scales. Whilst many drivers of change are specific to individual ecosystem services, or at very local scales, there are several drivers in common across several services and scales. In this chapter we consider, rainfall, land transformation, HIV/AIDS, governance, policy issues and urbanisation. In seeking to halt a decline in services, a number of interventions are possible, but relatively few are premised on the need to benefit both ecosystem services and poverty alleviation. A few promising examples are considered, including public works programmes, natural product commercialisation, community-based natural resources management and local innovations.
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