2026-05-08 STUDIES ON NEOTROPICAL FAUNA AND ENVIRONMENT 2026 null(卷), null(期), (null页)
Darwin's wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) are parasitoid wasps widely distributed throughout the world, used in biological control, and considered the largest family of Hymenoptera, with approximately 25,000 described species worldwide. Studies on genus diversity are scarce, especially in semi-arid regions. This study aimed to record the main Ichneumonidae species in three vegetation types in the semi-arid area of Bahia, Brazil. Malaise traps were used in native vegetation, secondary forest, and Eucalyptus urophylla for two consecutive years. A total of 921 specimens were collected, identified into 18 subfamilies, 40 genera, and 73 morphospecies. Native forest showed the highest diversity (H'=3.481), followed by secondary forest (H'=2.815) and eucalyptus (H'=2.507). The most frequent genera were Mnioes (15.5%), Pimpla (15%), and Eiphosoma (7.8%). Similarity analysis indicated greater resemblance between secondary forest and native forest, which also showed higher species evenness (J'=0.8993). This study highlights the importance of native vegetation for conserving Ichneumonidae biodiversity, essential for ecosystem services, and contributes to knowledge of parasitoid fauna in underexplored semi-arid Brazilian regions.