The challenges posed by climate change and resource scarcity necessitate the development of innovative strategies for sustainable wheat production in semi-arid regions. This study evaluated the interaction between tillage systems and nitrogen (N) fertilization on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) performance in Morocco's Sa & iuml;s region. A field experiment was conducted over two growing seasons using a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement. The plots comprised tillage systems (conventional tillage, no-till), while the subplots contained four nitrogen rates (0, 50, 100, 150 kg N ha(-)& sup1;). In the first year (wet season), no-till (NT) with 150 kg N ha(-)& sup1; produced the highest grain yield (4275 kg ha(-)& sup1;), approximately 7% greater than conventional tillage (CT). In the second year (dry season), the maximum yield (2274 kg ha(-)& sup1;) was achieved with 100 kg N ha(-)& sup1; under NT, about 62% higher than CT. No-till also improved water use efficiency, protein content, nitrogen use efficiency, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, and proline accumulation compared with conventional tillage. Overall, no-till combined with adequate nitrogen fertilization enhanced wheat performance under contrasting seasonal conditions, with the best responses obtained at 150 kg N ha(-)& sup1; in the wet year and 100 kg N ha(-)& sup1; in the dry year.