This study aimed to characterize the population dynamics and temporal variation of Zaprionus indianus and Zaprionus tuberculatus (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in guava orchards located in the semi-arid region of Paraiba, Brazil, evaluating their potential as agricultural pests. Sampling was conducted between August 2021 and July 2022 in two areas: the UFPB Experimental Station (S & atilde;o Jo & atilde;o do Cariri) and the Fazenda Almas Private Natural Heritage Reserve. The methodology included monthly collection of ripe guava fruits, standardized exposure of fruits in plastic trays in the orchards, and monitoring of adults using PET bottle traps containing molasses or hydrolyzed protein. Infestation indices (pupae/fruit and pupae/kg), pupal viability, and the FTD index (flies per trap per day) were estimated. The results revealed higher infestation and abundance of Zaprionus at Fazenda Almas, where the FTD index reached values above 3.5 in some months, exceeding the action threshold (0.5). In S & atilde;o Jo & atilde;o do Cariri, the indices were considerably lower. Both species were recorded at Fazenda Almas, whereas only Z. indianus was observed in S & atilde;o Jo & atilde;o do Cariri. Incidence occurred during the rainy season, although no statistically significant correlation was observed with climatic variables. The results reinforce the invasive and agricultural potential of these species in the Brazilian semi-arid region, indicating the need for continuous monitoring and the development of management strategies focused on regional fruit production.