Ensuring food security in arid and resource-constrained regions requires precise knowledge of landscape capabilities to optimize agricultural planning. In Uzbekistans' Central Zarafshan Basin, where climatic variability, limited water resources, and diverse geomorphic conditions pose significant challenges, identifying land suitable for sustainable cultivation is critical. However, there remains limited spatially explicit evidence on how natural landscape characteristics can be systematically linked to agricultural suitability. This study addresses this gap by integrating remote sensing, GIS-based spatial modeling and agro-climatic evaluation frameworks to classify piedmont plains and alluvial landscapes according to their agricultural potential. High-resolution Landsat-8 imagery and agro-ecological criteria developed by Kogay and Rodionov were applied to assess biophysical variables including slope, soil composition, vegetation cover, hydrology, and population density. The results delineate four suitability classes, marginally suitable, moderately suitable, suitable and highly suitable, highlighting particularly promising zones in proluvial-alluvial plains and oasis areas, while steep, saline and eroded terrains were less favorable. Microzonal analysis further identified opportunities for sustainable intensification in foothill and alluvial fan systems through improved irrigation and land management. Overall, the study demonstrates the value of geospatial technologies and agro-climatic zoning in guiding climate-resilient agriculture, offering a scientifically informed basis for enhancing productivity, resource efficiency and long-term food security in Uzbekistan and other semi-arid regions.