Solid Gravitational Energy Storage (SGES) technology has garnered significant attention in the new energy sector due to its high geographical adaptability and environmental friendliness. It is regarded as a promising energy storage solution within the context of the future low-carbon transition. With the progressive development of desert-based renewable energy bases, there is an imperative demand for supporting energy storage facilities. In this regard, SGES demonstrates significant potential for adaptation to extreme desert environments. A bibliometric analysis conducted in this study reveals that while general research on SGES is growing rapidly, studies specifically addressing its application in desert scenarios remain in a nascent stage and lack a systematic summary. This paper systematically reviews existing SGES technologies. By comparing their performance under extreme environmental conditions, four systems suitable for desert applications are identified: Tower (T-SGES), Shaft (S-SGES), Underground (U-SGES), and Linear Electric Motor (LEM-SGES). The study further highlights that these systems face multiple technical challenges in desert environments, including structural reliability, foundation stability, and resistance to wind and sand. Consequently, targeted optimization measures, such as chain transmission, composite foundation reinforcement, and cooperative control, are proposed. Finally, a research roadmap is outlined, ranging from key technology verification and cluster cooperative operation to weak grid integration. This work aims to advance the engineering application of SGES within integrated desert wind-solarstorage systems and provides a reference for the future development of desert energy storage.