Soil aggregation is a fundamental process that influences various soil properties, including structure, porosity, water infiltration, and resistance to erosion. In the Caatinga biome, preserving the soil's physical quality is crucial to the development of sustainable agriculture. In this biome, soil aggregation is critical due to the susceptibility of the semi-arid area to erosion and degradation. This study aims to evaluate the impact of converting native vegetation (NV; dense Caatinga) into two grasslands and two integrated livestock-forestry (ILF) systems on soil organic carbon (SOC) content and soil physical quality through water-stable aggregate (WSA) classes (macroaggregates, mesoaggregates, and microaggregates) and aggregation indices (mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), and aggregate stability index (ASI)). Soil samples were collected at 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-50, 50-70, and 70-100 cm layers in Nossa Senhora da Gl & oacute;ria Municipality, Sergipe State, Brazil. The land use systems analyzed in this study included NV, an ILF system with Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp.)+Urochloa (Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R.D. Webster) under no-tillage (ILFug), another ILF system with Gliricidia+forage cactus (Opuntia cochenillifera (Linnaeus) Miller) under convention tillage (ILFcg), improved pasture (ImpP), and degraded pasture (DegP). Almost all parameters studied were significantly correlated with SOC content, demonstrating that soil organic matter (SOM) is a primary agent in binding soil particles together, influencing the variation in WSA and aggregation indices. The ImpP and DegP exhibited similar SOC content; however, the ImpP showed a higher ASI and increased amount of macroaggregates (particle diameter>2.000 mm). The highest SOC content was found in the ILFug system across the soil profile. There was a predominance of macroaggregates in topsoil (0-10 cm layer) regardless of land use, with the highest proportion found in NV (78.7%); while the lowest was observed in the ILFcg system (59.0%). The ILFug system also showed the greatest ASI at almost all soil layers; the exception was the 0-10 and 50-70 cm layers, where the NV had the highest values of 89.1% and 90.5%, respectively. This study demonstrates that implementing integrated systems under no-tillage as a nature-based solution can enhance SOC content and stability of soil aggregates in semi-arid environments.