2026-06-19 HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL 2026 null(卷), null(期), (null页)
Historical water management practices often hold lessons for the sustainability of contemporary environmental systems, especially in arid regions where freshwater resources are declining under anthropogenic stresses. This study examines 740 years of water management (1171-1911 CE) at the Longzici karst spring in North China, focusing on how integrated infrastructure, governance, and cultural practices addressed semi-arid water scarcity. Based on historical literature analysis and field surveys, this study has found that: (1) gradual channel expansion paired with flood-control measures were successful in balancing water supply demands and disaster-risk reduction; (2) a hierarchical organizational structure created equitable water allocation and assisted in conflict mediation; and (3) religious and cultural practices served to consolidate community consensus on water reverence and utilization. The system for the utilization of Longzici spring discharge provides actionable lessons for contemporary water management practices. It highlights shared values among diverse stakeholders through ritualization and collective community extending beyond immediate individual benefits.