Detecting the unseen: Combining mist nets and acoustic monitoring to reveal bat diversity in a Mexican arid zone

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  • Mexico's arid and semi-arid zones harbor a high diversity of bats. However, these bat assemblages remain poorly characterized. Here, we evaluated bat diversity and seasonal variation (rainy vs. dry seasons) in an arid ecosystem of central Mexico using complementary sampling methods: mist nets and acoustic monitoring. We conducted five field surveys, each lasting 4-6 nights, from November 2023 to September 2024. During each survey, we deployed eight mist nets, established three mobile acoustic recorders along four transects, and set two independent fixed acoustic recording points. The total sampling effort was 1175 net meters * 155.5 h and 263.33 h of acoustic recordings, distributed across approximately 20 ha. of the study area. We recorded 15 bat species: 10 detected exclusively through acoustic monitoring, three captured only with mist nets (Desmodus rotundus, Natalus mexicanus, and Baedon alleni), and two detected by both methods (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae and L. nivalis). Acoustic monitoring revealed bat genera that are typically underrepresented in the region, such as Myotis and Molossus, while mist nets captured hematophagous and nectarivorous species that were not detected acoustically. Our results showed greater species richness during the dry season due to additional rare taxa. However, assemblage composition showed high overlap and no significant differences between seasons, although nectarivores were proportionally more frequent during the dry season. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the seasonal diversity of bats and highlights the importance of employing complementary methods to improve inventories and characterize seasonal patterns in bat communities in Mexico's arid environments.