Lu, Wei ， Cui, Bowen ， Sun, Haolang ， Ren, Rui ， Shabbir, Syeda Ammara ， Li, Dongbo ， Liu, Jiaping
2026-02-20 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE 2026 null(卷), null(期), (null页)
The long-term stability of earthen heritage sites reinforced by pressure-type anchorage systems is severely compromised by soluble salt crystallization in arid regions. This study systematically investigates the salt-induced deterioration mechanisms at grout/soil interfaces through controlled push-out tests on specimens with 0-10% salt content. A novel inverse calibration method was developed to establish the unified four-linear (UFL) bond-slip model directly from load-displacement curves, overcoming the limitations of conventional uniform stress distribution assumptions. Key findings reveal: 1) Interfacial shear strength decreases linearly with salt content (37% reduction at 10% salinity); 2) bond-slip slopes follow quasi-exponential attenuation patterns, while characteristic slips remain salt-insensitive. The proposed method improves prediction accuracy by 64-96% compared to traditional approaches, providing a reliable tool for assessing anchorage performance in salt-rich environments. These results offer critical parameters for the conservation design of Silk Road earthen sites, particularly addressing salt weathering challenges in northwestern China.