Javed, Asad ， Anees, Muhammad ， Hussain, Mubbashir ， Malik, Muhammad Saqib
2026-04-03 ARCHIVES OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY AND PLANT PROTECTION 2026 59(卷), 6(期), (478-491页)
The fungal diseases are generally controlled by the synthetic fungicides; however, the chemical control may have several drawbacks. In this study, methanol, hexane, chloroform and aqueous extracts of Olea europaea, Ricinus communis, Azadirachta indica, Glycyrrhiza glabra were evaluated for their antifungal activities against Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria solani and Aspergillus niger in variable concentrations (25, 10, 1 and 0.1 mg/ml DMSO). Among all tested extracts, those of G. glabra exhibited the highest antifungal activity. Significant inhibition was evident in the extracts of A. indica and O. europaea. The methanol and hexane fractions were found to be the most effective. Moreover, the extracts were found to be stable at high temperature (100 degrees C). The extracts contained secondary metabolites including alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, tannins and saponins. The organic extracts of G. glabra demonstrated promising potential as an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic fungicides, due to the presence of bioactive phytochemicals.