This study presents the first paleoparasitological investigation of rodent coprolites from the Argentine Puna, a high-altitude arid region of the Central Andes. Sixty-six coprolites recovered from the Alero Ca & iacute;do 1 archaeological site (Jujuy Province, Argentina) were morphologically described and microscopically examined. The coprolites were recovered from six stratigraphic levels (Levels 1-6), corresponding to Holocene occupations of the site. Three coprolite morphotypes were identified. Fifteen samples (23%) were positive to parasitic remains. The parasite taxa found were: Trichuris sp., Paraspidodera sp., Helminthoxys sp., Monoecocestus sp., Viscachataenia quadrata, and Strongylus-type eggs. Morphological and parasitological evidence suggest that the coprolites originated from different rodent taxa: myomorph rodents (Cricetidae) for Morphotype 1, and caviomorph rodents (Caviomorpha), particularly the mountain viscacha (Lagidium viscacia) and likely Octodontidae species, for Morphotypes 2 and 3. These findings extend the known geographic distribution of ancient parasites in South America and provide novel insights into rodent diversity, host-parasite relationships, and paleoecological conditions in high-altitude Andean environments. The results highlight the potential of rodent coprolites as paleoecological archives for reconstructing faunal communities, biocultural interactions, and environmental dynamics in prehistoric Andean landscapes.