Global warming has exhibited pronounced regional heterogeneity and temporal asymmetry, yet the underlying drivers and consequences of seasonal imbalance in temperature change remain insufficiently understood. In particular, asymmetric seasonal warming can fundamentally alter regional energy balance, hydrological pathways, and ecohydrological processes, potentially triggering cascading impacts across natural and human systems. Central Asia, as a typical arid region highly sensitive to climate change, provides an ideal case for investigating these processes. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of seasonal temperature variations over the past half century (1960-2020) and examines their ecohydrological implications. Our results reveal a marked shift in the dominant season contributing to long-term warming. While winter warming played a leading role during the earlier period (1960-1991), its contribution to annual mean temperature increase has substantially declined in recent decades. In contrast, spring warming has intensified significantly, with its contribution rising from 8.0% to 59.2% between the two periods, surpassing winter as the primary driver of regional warming. This transition reflects a fundamental reorganization of the seasonal thermal regime in Central Asia. The enhanced spring warming has induced profound changes in cryospheric and hydrological processes. Rising spring temperatures reduce snowfall fractions and accelerate snowmelt in mountainous regions, leading to earlier and more rapid release of water resources. Consequently, hydrological pathways have been altered, with a noticeable advance in the timing of spring runoff peaks and a decline in summer runoff. These changes disrupt the natural regulation of water availability, increasing the mismatch between water supply and demand during the growing season. In addition, intensified spring warming accelerates soil moisture depletion during early growing stages, significantly weakening the buffering capacity of soil water reservoirs. This process exacerbates water stress in subsequent months and contributes to the increasing frequency and severity of summer extreme events, including droughts, heatwaves, and hot-dry wind episodes. Such compound climate extremes pose substantial risks to agricultural productivity and ecosystem stability in this water-limited region. From an ecological perspective, spring warming also reshapes the coupling between thermal and hydrological conditions. It modifies the onset, duration, and intensity of the growing season, thereby influencing vegetation phenology and ecosystem productivity. However, these potential gains in early-season growth are often offset by intensified water limitations later in the season. The resulting imbalance amplifies ecosystem vulnerability and may trigger cascading ecological risks, including vegetation degradation and reduced resilience to climate extremes. Overall, this study provides a systematic assessment of the mechanisms through which enhanced spring warming influences the ecohydrological system in Central Asia. By integrating perspectives from energy balance, hydrological processes, and ecological responses, it highlights the critical role of seasonal warming asymmetry in driving regional environmental change. The findings offer new insights into the evolution of water resources and the emergence of ecological risks under ongoing climate change, and underscore the necessity of incorporating seasonal dynamics into climate impact assessments and adaptation strategies in arid regions.