Conservation tillage and integrated nutrient management are critical strategies for sustainable agricultural intensification in water-limited arid ecosystems. This study evaluated the effects of tillage systems (conventional tillage, CT and no-tillage, NT) combined with organic and inorganic fertility management on maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield, biomass production, and soil chemical properties in an arid calcareous soil. The experiment was conducted over two growing seasons using a split-plot design with tillage as the main plot and eight fertility treatments as sub-plots. Fertility treatments included green manure (GM), cattle manure (CM), chemical fertilizer (F), and their combinations applied at different split ratios. Mixed-effects modeling with restricted maximum likelihood (REML) and first-order autoregressive AR(1) covariance structure was used to analyze temporal and treatment effects (ANOVA, p <= .05). Results showed that CT produced the highest short-term maize grain yields (8.2-9.5 t ha- 1), while NT initially yielded 15-20% lower but showed gradual improvement over time, indicating soil resilience development. Integrated fertility management combining green manure, cattle manure, and chemical fertilizer (GM+CM+F at 2:1 split ratio) maximized yields across all tillage systems. Soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content increased by 15-25% under integrated management compared to chemical fertilizer alone. Water content was 12-18% higher under NT, suggesting improved water-use efficiency critical for arid regions. These findings demonstrate that integrated nutrient management combined with conservation tillage can enhance maize productivity and soil health in arid calcareous soils, with applications for similar dryland agroecosystems.