Climate change is enhancing growth variability in tree species, leading to divergent growth-climate responses across temporal and spatial scales, even within the same species. To better understand interspecific variation in tree growth resilience strategies, this study collected 450 tree-ring cores from nine sites in the Qilian Mountains of Northwest China, the dominant distribution area of Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia Kom.). Using the 'Full resilience curve' methods, we investigated the growth-response dynamics of spruce across geographic regions and assessed its ecological resilience patterns. The study indicates that in arid regions, spruce growth is strongly influenced by temperature and precipitation variability, yet exhibits higher ecological resilience (western region: R2 = 0.51, explaining 51 % of the variance) and relatively stable growth trends (0.66 cm2/10a). In relatively humid regions, increased precipitation promotes greater growth (1.41 cm2/10a); however, spruce recovery reduced leads to greater loss of resilience under drought stress (central region: resilience loss area = 0.08). These findings advance the understanding of climate adaptation in Qinghai spruce within subalpine forest ecosystems and provide a theoretical framework for the restoration and conservation of other conifer species in similar ecological niches.