Riparian forests are biodiversity rich ecosystems supporting various plant and animal communities and habitats. While these unique ecosystems have been frequently influenced by flooding and human disturbances, little is known about their response to high flooding and prolonged immersion. We fill this gap by exploring the influence of flooding and prolonged immersion on the density of Vachellia nilotica seedlings in Remaila Riverine Reserved Forest (RRRF). The study developed flooding susceptibility maps, identified sites with prolonged immersion, and explored the dendrometric characteristics of adult trees in the reserve based on systematic forest inventory approach and remotely sensed data. Results show that >50 % of RRRF subjected to high flooding waves resulting in diversified vegetation cover and NDVI values. The highly flooded sites have higher density of V. nilotica seedlings than low and very low ones. Moreover, the dendrometric and stand characteristics of V. nilotica trees exhibited notable differences between the very high and low susceptibility classes, particularly for crown width, basal area and volume. This vigorous regeneration of V. nilotica in flooded sites is supported by the species adaptability to prolonged immersion and flooding period, which can be used as a key factor to restore degraded environments with similar conditions.