2026-07-01 JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS 2026 236(卷), null(期), (null页)
Estimating the age and growth of long-lived desert succulents is challenging due to the absence of annual growth rings. This study utilizes Single-Image Photogrammetry (SIP) and a historical photograph taken by G. Sykes in 1965 and two replicated photographs obtained in 2016 and 2025 to analyze architectural changes over six decades in an iconic "Boojum tree" (Fouquieria columnaris) and an adjacent columnar cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) from a relictual population in Sonora, Mexico. Results indicate that F. columnaris exhibited a slow mean vertical growth rate of 1.71 cm yr(-1) during the 1965-2016 interval which increased to 3 cm yr(-1) for the recent 20162025 period. This acceleration aligned with values recorded at more favorable sites (i.e. 3.3 to 3.6 cm yr(-1)). Conversely, P. pringlei exhibited a minimal growth rate (1.01 cm yr(-1)), which is much lower than rates reported from repeat photography (5-10 cm yr(-1)) or radiocarbon dating of spines (3-23 cm yr(-1)). Together, these species demonstrate high ecological resilience near their physiological limits in the Sonoran Desert through divergent morphofunctional pathways. F. columnaris favors architectural stability and sustained growth, whereas P. pringlei relies on mechanical robustness and structural redundancy. These findings highlight the efficacy of SIP and historical records for long-term demographic monitoring in extreme arid environments.