Endophytic fungi from stress-adapted plants hold promise for enhancing crop resilience. Four fungal taxa- Periconia igniaria, Curvularia beasleyi, Trichoderma afroharzianum and Aspergillus flavus-isolated from reed (Phragmites australis) were evaluated for their potential to mitigate salinity and drought stress in four barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivars: Mahtab (drought-sensitive), Goharan (drought-tolerant), Rayhan (salt-sensitive), and Tabas (salt-tolerant). Seeds were inoculated with each isolate and exposed to salinity (100 mM NaCl) or simulated drought (10% polyethylene glycol-6000), with uninoculated controls included. Seedling traits (germination percentage, root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight, and vigor indices) were assessed at 2, 4 and 6 days post-inoculation. Three-way ANOVA revealed significant effects of cultivar and stress, with salinity and drought reducing germination by approximately 28%, while fungal inoculation did not directly influence germination. In contrast, multivariate analyses showed significant growth promotion by fungal isolates, with C. beasleyi outperforming others by increasing root length (mean + 0.97 cm) and shoot length (mean + 5.31 cm) relative to controls by day 6. Rayhan displayed the highest vigor indices under salinity and drought stresses, particularly with C. beasleyi, which enhanced biomass and root-to-shoot ratios through optimized isolate-cultivar interactions. Other isolates, notably T. afroharzianum, also improved growth but to a lesser extent. These findings highlight the potential of Phragmites-derived endophytes as bioinoculants, offering a sustainable strategy to strengthen barley resilience in saline and arid environments.