2026-02-01 HORTSCIENCE 2026 61(卷), 2(期), (334-347页)
Strawberry production in Texas currently spans 162 to 182 ha, with a high percentage of growers in central and northeast Texas. As a high-value specialty crop, strawberries offer Texas growers profitable diversification opportunities, particularly through local and direct market sales. However, water scarcity exacerbated by periods of extended drought remains a major constraint, particularly in the Texas High Plains. Therefore, efficient water management and optimal plant spacing are critical to improve water use efficiency (WUE) and sustaining strawberry yield. This 2-year field study (2020-21 and 2021-22) evaluated the influence of irrigation volume and plant spacing on physiological response, yield, fruit quality, and WUE of 'Camino Real' strawberry plants grown under semi-arid conditions. Field-grown 'Camino Real' strawberry plants were exposed to three irrigation levels: 100% (control), 80%, and 60% of traditional grower application volumes. Post-experiment, applied irrigation volumes were converted to reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop evapotranspiration (ETc) demand estimates. In addition, plants were established at three different spacings: 23 cm, 31 cm, and 38 cm. Physiological measurements revealed strawberries maintained photosynthetic activity and other leaf gas exchange parameters under moderate water stress. In the 2020-21 growing season, high seasonal rainfall masked irrigation and spacing effects, resulting in no yield differences among spacing treatments and greatest yields under the 60% irrigation regime. In contrast, during the 2021-22 growing season (when rainfall was near normal levels), wider spacings (31 cm and 38 cm) produced greatest yields, while irrigation effects were evident with greatest yields under the 100% and 80% irrigation treatments. These find-ings provide planting and irrigation recommendations for strawberry producers growing 'Camino Real' within semi-arid climates similar to the Texas High Plains.