Tropical theileriosis is a major protozoan infection affecting the health and productivity of livestock worldwide. However, according to most previous studies, a discrepancy in the distribution of prevalence has been observed across different bioclimatic zones in eastern Algeria. This prompted us to conduct an inferential study aimed at identifying the risk factors that impact the dynamics of prevalence. A total of 166 blood samples from cattle showing clinical signs of tropical theileriosis were analyzed by PCR, and a logistic regression model was performed to identify the risk factors associated with prevalence dynamics. PCR analysis revealed that among the clinically suspect cattle, 49.70 % (83/166) tested positive for T. annulata, representing the apparent prevalence of infection in this symptomatic population. A General Liner Model (GLM) model identified the following risk factors: a higher prevalence in older cattle (odds ratio [OR] = 0.62, 95 % confidence interval [CI]:0.1-2.1), particularly among females (OR = 0.7, 95 % CI:0.39-2.80). Cattle heavily infested with ticks were at particular risk (OR = 1.7, 95 % CI: 0.3-3.0). This study also revealed an increase in the dynamic of prevalence distribution across the bioclimatic zones, with the highest rates observed in the arid zone, followed by semi-arid and sub-humid zones (51.8 %, 39.8 %; 8.4 % respectively). The observed results contradict previous findings and are attributed to the unique characteristics of the vector endemic to the arid zone, which were investigated for the first time in eastern Algeria.