The far-field tectonic effects of the ongoing Cenozoic Indo-Asian plate collision have governed the development of fold and anticlinal structures and the eastward migration of sedimentary depocenters in the Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau, which concurrently controls brine occurrence and elemental enrichment in stratigraphic sequences. The geochemical signatures of these brine resources show that anticlinal structure brines (ASB) are enriched in B3+ (578.1 mg/L) and Li+ (73.33 mg/L), whereas sand-gravel brines (SGB) and intercrystalline brines (IB) exhibit typical K-rich characteristics. However, the origins, genetic relationships, and redistribution mechanisms of ASB, SGB, and IB remain poorly constrained. Here, we integrate major-trace element and multi-isotope (H-O-Li-B-Cl) data for K-Li-B-rich brines with paleoclimatic and tectonic records to elucidate key controls on brine evolution in the Qaidam Basin. Our results reveal distinct temporal and genetic differences among the three brine types: the ASB from both sides of the Yingxiong Range in the western Qaidam Basin presents high B-Li contents and low delta B-11-delta Li-7 ratios, and are tightly linked to the similar to 44 Ma and similar to 15 Ma orogenic uplift-magmatic events in the northern Tibetan Plateau, with tectono-magmatic hydrothermal fluids as the key ore-forming source. The ASB in the central Qaidam Basin are derived from paleolake water modified by long-term burial metamorphism and evaporative concentration. By comparison, SGB and IB formed during the Pliocene-Quaternary aridification phase, as evidenced by delta O-18-enriched sediments, which triggered the deposition of K-bearing evaporites. Spatially, ASB are confined to anticlinal reservoirs within non-salt strata, whereas SGB and IB occur in synclinal alluvial-lake systems. H-O-Cl isotopic evidence confirms that SGB and IB share a common solute provenance. Meanwhile, neotectonic uplift (similar to 2.6 Ma and 1.2-0.6 Ma) along the Altyn Tagh-Saishiteng Range front redistributed IB brines into alluvial fans, forming economically viable K-rich SGB deposits-distinct from the deeper Li-B-rich ASB systems. This study proposes the 'homologous inheritance-differential evolution' model, which provides a robust framework for correlating brine systems in the Tibetan Plateau with global evaporite basins.