This work aimed to study the soil-relief-parent material relationship in a sequence of soils over migmatite and gneiss in the Monteiro municipality, the Cariri Ocidental Paraibano microregion to inform more sustainable land use and management. The soils were classified as P1: Hypereutric Leptic Regosol (Loamic, Ochric) (RG-le.je-lo. oh), P2: Hypereutric Leptic Cambisol (Loamic, Humic) (CM-le.je-lo.hu), P3: Hypereutric Leptic Cambisol (Clayic, Ochric) (CM-le.je-ce.oh), and P4: Hypereutric Brunic Leptic Regosol (Loamic, Humic) (RG-le.br.je-lo.hu). The soils formed from migmatite and, therefore, from the highest segments of the landscape, are shallow, sandy, more acidic, dystrophic, and have a predominance of low activity clay (monosialitization), while the soils formed from gneiss (deposition segments) have lithic contact fragmentary, are more clayey (argillization), eutrophic and with a predominance of high activity clays (bisialitization). Higher bioavailable P is associated with shoulder; sand content with summit; higher exchangeable base cations, cation exchange capacity, and clay content with backslope; silt-sized particles, exchangeable Mg2+, and bioavailableNa+ (surface horizon) and soil organic carbon (subsurface horizon) with footslope. This indicates intense (i) alteration of primary minerals, bissialitization, and increased soil fertility in backslope; (ii) soil erosion and deposition of sediments in footslope,; (iii) the soils of footslope can act as a carbon sink. We discuss in this paper how eutrophic environment must allow the adoption of sustainable and diversified agricultural practices and provide important ecosystem services in semi-arid landscapes.