China's degraded ecosystems face intensifying climate pressures, including warming, drought variability, soil erosion, and hydrological instability, even as restoration, afforestation, soil and water conservation, and land-use regulation have improved ecological conditions in many regions. This study develops an integrated framework linking climate resilience, sustainable land management, and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance to ecological recovery across China's degraded ecosystems. Using province-year panel data for 30 Chinese provinces from 2007 to 2022, the study constructs four entropy-weighted composite indices: the Degraded Ecosystem Recovery Index, Climate Resilience Index, Sustainable Land Management Index, and ESG Index. The analysis combines two-way fixed effects, interaction models, pillar decomposition, a dynamic specification, and a spatial-lag-augmented model. The results indicate that climate resilience, sustainable land management, and ESG performance are positively associated with ecological recovery after controlling for provincial characteristics, common year shocks, and structural conditions. ESG operates as a province-level enabling condition, strengthening the association between climate resilience and ecological recovery, while the social pillar shows the clearest direct association with recovery. The spatial results identify negative cross-provincial dependence, showing that ecological recovery is shaped by regional linkages as well as within-province conditions. These findings support a coordinated policy framework that connects climate adaptation, land stewardship, ESG governance, social support, and cross-regional ecological planning.