2026-02-27 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2026 null(卷), null(期), (null页)
This study evaluated the potential of fulvic acid and greywater irrigation to promote quinoa growth. The study was conducted in a greenhouse in a semiarid region, where quinoa plants were irrigated with greywater and low-salinity water for comparison purposes. They were subjected to the following organic sources of soil conditioners: control (no soil conditioner application), different doses of fulvic acid, and organic matter. Thus, the experiment consisted of a 5 & times; 2 factorial arrangement. As the main results achieved, it can be highlighted that the application of organic matter or fulvic acid, at doses of 13.4 and 20.1 g L-1, together with irrigation with greywater, provided a better production of quinoa biomass (shot fresh matter of 154, 161, and 141 g, respectively) compared to the control treatment and application of low-salinity water. In addition, the use of soil conditioners, as a result of greywater use, reduced the soil exchangeable sodium percentage (38%) compared to the control treatment (60%). Furthermore, they improved the salt extraction capacity of quinoa, mainly chlorine (44 g m(-2)), suggesting that quinoa cultivation under greywater + fulvic acid management may be a good alternative for semiarid regions. NOVELTY STATEMENTGreywater can irrigate quinoa in semiarid regions, however, we recommend using this water in soils with good permeability to avoid salt accumulation. In this condition, the application of fulvic acids at doses of 13.4 and 20.1 g L-1 favored the growth of quinoa more than the application of organic matter. Furthermore, the outcomes of our study provide important information that a tested quinoa variety is an effective extractor of chloride ions but not sodium ions.