Global dryland agriculture faces the challenge of increasing productivity while improving soil health and sustainability, highlighting the importance of optimizing tillage practices. Previous meta-analyses have studied individual practices, but none have thoroughly examined the longterm (>= 10 years) combined effects of integrated management strategies. This study explores the combined impacts of no-tillage (NT), residue management, mulching types, and cover cropping at different nitrogen fertilizer levels on soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), grain yield, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) systems. Data were collected from 46 long-term studies (>= 10 years), including 480 SOC, 310 MBC, 977 yield, and 681 NUE observations. Key findings reveal that NT significantly increased SOC and MBC in the 0-40 cm soil profile and improved wheat grain yield and NUE compared to conventional tillage (CT). These improvements were primarily observed in the topsoil (0-20 cm), with SOC increasing by 22% and MBC by 28%, while the 20-40 cm layer showed significant but smaller increases of 8% for SOC and 13% for MBC. The interaction between NT and management practices showed that straw mulching combined with medium nitrogen fertilization (NF) significantly increased SOC and MBC by 32% each. Additionally, NT with straw mulching under medium-NF significantly increased grain yield by 32%, and leguminous cover cropping (LCC) under low-NF significantly increased grain yield by 35%. In contrast, systems with residue retention or film mulching performed best with high nitrogen inputs. NT was most effective in coarse-textured soils and under cold or wet conditions. These findings offer a targeted approach to enhancing carbon sequestration and productivity in dryland farming.