Irrigation strategies for giant umbu cultivation in the Brazilian semiarid region

Pires, Ednei de S. , Donato, Sergio L. R. , De Deus, Joel da S. , Dos Santos, Marcelo R.

2026-01-01 REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA E AMBIENTAL 2026   30(卷), 1(期), (null页)

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The umbu tree is traditionally cultivated under rainfed conditions, offering production reliability; however, irrigation can improve yield by reducing production alternation and maintaining the standard fruit size characteristic of the giant umbu cultivar. This study aimed to identify the most effective irrigation strategy to enhance yield and production stability of the umbu tree cultivar BRS-68 over three production cycles. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Baiano, Guanambi campus, using a randomized block design in a split-plot scheme over time with five replicates. Four irrigation strategies were applied to the main plots: E1 - rainfed; E2 - irrigation replacing 25% of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) applied until full flowering (ATF, 25% ETo); E3 - irrigation replacing 25% of ETo from full flowering to fruit harvest (AFC, 25% ETo); and E4 - irrigation replacing 50% of ETo from full flowering to harvest (AFC, 50% ETo). Three production cycles were considered as subplots: CI (2021-2022), CII (2022-2023), and CIII (2023-2024). Under rainfed conditions, fruit yield varied across cycles, while irrigation led to stabilization. Strategy E3 (AFC, 25% ETo) produced the highest fruit yield and water productivity, and the lowest water footprint, on average across the three cycles. Fruit mass was lowest during the driest cycle (2023-2024). The E3 strategy proved most effective in increasing yield, improving water productivity, reducing water footprint, minimizing production alternation, and producing fruits with superior commercial grading. It is therefore a viable option for integration into giant umbu production systems in the semiarid region.