Quantitative records of long-term erosion rates are of great importance to understand the tectonic and climatic drivers of surface processes. The Shanxi Rift in central North China, with its thick and continuous sediments accumulated since the Late Neogene, serves as an ideal area for studying long-term erosion processes. In this study, we present paleo-erosion rates for the Shanxi Rift spanning the past similar to 6.6 Ma derived from cosmogenic nuclide measurements. Specifically, we utilized the concentration of cosmogenic nuclides (Be-10 and Al-26) obtained from the core SG-1, coupled with a chronological framework established through burial age dating, paleomagnetic results, and cyclostratigraphic analysis. The erosion rates range from 86 (-17/+31) m/Myr to 1155 (-96/+96) m/Myr, revealing two clear erosion pulses during 6.2-5.4 Ma and 2.3-1.2 Ma, with peak values of 694 (-58/+59) m/Myr and 1155 (-96/+96) m/Myr, respectively. These erosion pulses coincide with the uplift of Luliang Mountain during the Late Miocene to Early Pliocene and the regional activities during the Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene, highlighting the significant impact of tectonic activities on erosion processes. Subsequently, the uplift of the Emei Platform led to the withdrawal of the paleo-Fen River from the Yuncheng Basin, resulting in an abrupt decrease in erosion rate at similar to 1.2 Ma. This study unveils an erosion mechanism in the Shanxi Rift that differs markedly from that observed in western China. In the high mountains of western China (e.g., Tianshan and Qilian Mountains) where elevations exceed the snowline, erosion was primarily climate-driven. In contrast, erosion in the Shanxi Rift is primarily governed by regional tectonic activities, highlighting the diverse controls on erosion processes across different geological settings.