Lakes in semi-arid and sub-humid regions serve as vital hydrological and ecological systems and act as important sources of freshwater. Their sediments hold great potential for preserving information on long-term hydroclimate variability, which can help establish baselines for predicting future water availability in the face of natural climate fluctuations. Lakes in the Moroccan Middle and High Atlas Mountains, key hydrological areas that feed aquifer systems of surrounding sedimentary basins, have been the focus of several paleoclimate investigations. However, due to previously reported inconsistencies between different lake records, a comprehensive overview based on the compilation and synthesis of the data is still needed to clarify any regional discrepancies in climate responses and sensitivities. The present work contributes for the first time to this effort by synthesizing significant data derived from biological and geochemical proxies from lake records. In the Middle Atlas region, our results show that compiled pollen-inferred paleoecological records and paleolimnological data indicate arid conditions during the late Lateglacial and deglacial periods. However, a notable discrepancy emerges in the Early Holocene: pollen records suggest open forests dominated by steppe vegetation, whereas paleolimnological data indicate high lake levels, together implying strong seasonality with wetter winters and drier summers. In contrast, records from the High Atlas (Lake Tislit) show expanded woodland and high lake levels during the last deglaciation and Early Holocene, revealing a potential north-south regional gradient in landscape responses to climate forcing. Most records in both regions indicate a long-term decline in winter precipitation and seasonality, along with evidence of increasing human influence since roughly 2000 cal a BP. Despite providing this broader view of long-term hydroclimate trends, the review underscores the lack of high-resolution records and, consequently, the limitations of existing age models. Thus, the results highlight the need for further research in both the Middle and High Atlas regions to refine our understanding of how these lake systems respond to climate forcing.