Emory oak (Quercus emoryi) is a cultural keystone species in the southwestern United States, integral to the traditional practices of Western Apache Tribes. Recent observations by Apache elders indicate declining oak seedling recruitment, posing potential risks to the long-term persistence of Emory oak populations and the tradition of acorn harvest. This study investigated seed predation and dispersal patterns of Emory oak acorns across two sites in Arizona. To do this, we combined systematic observations of avian interactions with acorns with experimental feeding trials. We found that acorn infestation rates by insects were positively associated with proximity to roads, suggesting that roads may facilitate pest spread. Jays (Aphelocoma spp.), known for their role as primary oak seed dispersers, were the most frequent pre-dispersal acorn foragers, with visitation rates increasing with tree density and distance from roads. Areas closer to roads experienced reduced jay visitation, potentially hindering seed dispersal and genetic connectivity among oak populations. Post-dispersal acorn predation was dominated by javelina (Tayassu tajacu), with high rates of acorn removal observed at both sites. These findings underscore the importance of managing both environmental stressors and dispersal mechanisms to support Emory oak regeneration. Restoration efforts, in addition to prioritizing preferred Apache harvest sites near roads, should also include interior habitat patches to maintain seed dispersal by jays, promote genetic diversity, and enhance resilience in the face of environmental change. This study provides actionable insights to guide the management and restoration of Emory oak ecosystems to ensure the continuation of Western Apache harvest traditions into the future.