An approach based on geophysical vertical electrical sounding resistivity (VESR) and fuzzy logic modeling to explore a multi-layered system geometry and groundwater prospectivity. Case of the north-eastern Tadla plain, Morocco

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  • A geophysical study was carried out within the framework of hydrogeological research in the north-eastern zone of the Tadla plain, Morocco, to determine the spatial distribution of the different geological formations, the thickness and the extent of different aquifers used in agricultural irrigation, and whether they can also be used to supply drinking water. Forty vertical electrical soundings (VES) were applied using a Schlumberger linear device with a maximum half-length (AB/2) of 1000 m. The number of soundings constituting the Four SEV Profiles depends on the topography and the geographical obstacles encountered. The measurements of the electrical soundings were analysed using IP2Win software and correlated with lithological information from existing boreholes and wells. The analysis and interpretation of all the measurements demonstrate that the established resistivity profiles highlighted the superposition of several layers of variable thicknesses (15-190 m) and different electrical resistivities (14-1600 Omega m). The quantitative and qualitative maps of the different variations in apparent resistivity of the geological layers of the aquifer and the aquiclude show that four significant aquifers represent the area studied due to the great extension of the resistive Plio-Pleistocene and Cretaceous Formations Geophysical studies show that these terrains illustrate a monoclinal structure that dips from the NE to the SW with a thickness that increases from the North to the South. To enhance spatial groundwater targeting, Fuzzy Logic Modeling (FLM) was integrated with VES-derived parameters. The resulting groundwater prospectivity map highlights high-potential zones predominantly located in the southeastern sector, particularly around Fkih Ben Salah, where thick resistive formations and favorable structural conditions coincide. The transparent integration of standard VES acquisition, borehole calibration, and explicitly defined FLM criteria provides a transferable methodological framework for groundwater exploration.