The geochemical characteristics of sandstones and mudrocks of the Gulcheru Formation (c.1995 - 1943 Ma), Cuddapah Basin, India, were investigated to resolve uncertainties on provenance, palaeoweathering, and palaeoclimate. A combined petrographic, mineralogical, and especially geochemical dataset was used to address the gaps in understanding and ambiguities on those aspects. Critical immobile elemental ratios and REE modelling were used to constrain source contributions; corrected weathering index, combined with sedimentological evidence, were employed to infer provenance weathering and palaeoclimate. Results indicate that similar to 67% of the detritus was derived from felsic (granite, TTG, sanukitoids) and similar to 33% from basic-intermediate (basalt, andesite) source rocks. Similar chemical index of alteration (CIA) values, REE patterns of sandstones [CIA: 74 +/- 9; (La/Yb)(CN): 10.1 +/- 5.6] and mudrocks [CIA: 71 +/- 4; (La/Yb)(CN): 14.0 +/- 4.4] demonstrate efficient mixing and homogenization of detritus through reworking and/or recycling. Corrected CIA values of the mudrocks (69 - 82, 76 +/- 3) and dominance of alkali feldspars (K2O/Al2O3: 0.34 +/- 0.08) in it suggest moderate chemical weathering of the provenance. These coupled with the presence of fluvio-aeolian facies motifs and well-rounded polycrystalline quartz grains in the Gulcheru sandstones, and gypsum/anhydrite in the overlying Vempalle Formation indicate a warm and semiarid to arid palaeoclimate. Integration with middle Palaeoproterozoic palaeogeographic constraints on the Cuddapah Basin suggests that reduced precipitation and relatively lower atmospheric pCO(2) plausibly contributed to subdued chemical weathering. This study provides a comprehensive reconstruction of provenance and palaeoclimate for the Gulcheru Formation, helping to bridge an important gap in understanding middle Palaeoproterozoic surface processes and the earliest phase of evolution of the Cuddapah Basin.