With rising load demands, global warming, and an impending energy crisis, building a multi-energy complementary system is crucial to boost energy system flexibility. Against this backdrop, this study proposes a lowcarbon optimal scheduling method tailored for the integrated energy system (IES) in desert areas, leveraging the cooperative operation of concentrated solar power (CSP) and hydrogen energy system (HES), along with the introduction of hydrogen-blended combined heat and power (CHP). This diversified utilization method of hydrogen energy (HE) aims to alleviate energy shortages and accelerate the development of new large-scale IES. It leverages the complementary strengths of CSP, HES, and hydrogen-doped CHP to enhance the overall efficiency and sustainability of the system. Firstly, an IES model considering the cooperative operation of CSP, HES and hydrogen-doped CHP was established in desert areas. An innovative electro-hydrogen-thermal mechanism model integrating desert weather conditions and contractual constraints for hydrogen production was proposed. The generated electricity in IES was partly consumed by the local load, which participated in electricity market transactions under a stepped carbon trading mechanism, and the rest of the electricity was transmitted via HVDC. Secondly, due to the randomness, volatility, and frequent occurrence of extreme weather disasters associated with renewable generation outputs in deserts, as well as the uncertainty of loads, an Improved Conditional Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network based on Gradient Penalty (ICWGAN-GP) model was used to combine the physical characteristics under extreme weather with the data-driven method to simulate several extreme weather scenarios. Finally, the IES in the desert was selected to verify the optimized scheduling scheme from different scenarios. The carbon emission sensitivity and comprehensive operating cost were analyzed from the perspectives of different hydrogen blending rates and different trading mechanisms. The results show that the model proposed specifically for desert regions in this paper can effectively reduce the operation costs of IES, increase the level of renewable energy consumption, and decrease carbon emissions.