Soil salinization is an escalating threat to dryland agroecosystems, intensified by unsustainable agricultural practices, limited freshwater availability, and increasingly high evaporative demand. Phytodesalination offers a potential water-saving alternative to salt leaching, yet its efficiency is contingent on appropriate plant selection, hydroclimatic variability, and irrigation water quality. To comprehensively assess these factors, we developed a parsimonious, process-based, spatially lumped model that couples vertically averaged soil moisture and salt mass dynamics, incorporating vegetation feedbacks. We simulated three plant functional types across four management strategies, parameterized through species-specific transpiration decline and logistic biomass growth under salinity stress. Management strategies were designed around plant salt uptake and harvest of above-ground biomass as mechanisms for salinity reduction, individually and holistically. Model outcomes reveal that salt removal is strongly regulated by plant salt tolerance, management strategy, climatic variability, and the quality of irrigation water. High salt-tolerant species sustained transpiration and biomass production under saline conditions, but simultaneously concentrated solutes in the soil due to selective water extraction. The integrated uptake-harvest strategy achieved the greatest reduction in root-zone salinity and remained resilient under varying precipitation scenarios. However, its efficiency was constrained under brackish water irrigation, where frequent harvesting accelerated salt accumulation in the root zone. These findings highlight the nonlinear agrohydrological feedbacks driving phytoremediation outcomes and emphasize the need to strategically integrate vegetation traits with water management constraints for effective salinity control in drylands.