The Indian cold desert region is inhabited by highly affluent medicinal plants facing tremendous pressure. The importance of population studies of overexploited bioresources has been felt by various organisations. The Carum carvi (Linn.) is among the over exploited species of herbal and condiment based industries over the world. Identification of superior germplasm adapted in the temperate cold desert region is required. The present study deals with its population ecology, morphology, niche modeling and ex-situ conservation with characterisation of germplasms. We assessed twenty distinct populations under natural habitats in the Indian cold desert region. The sparse population of this species was found restricted near human settlement and agriculture grassland between 2686 and 3647 mamsl elevation, showing unique morphological traits with a density of 2.11 Indiv./m(2). Maximum population density (2.6 Indiv./m(2)) was reported from Lobber-Lahaul and Mooling-Lahaul wild populations. Niche modeling demonstrated strong predictive performance (AUC = 0.975 +/- 0.022) and identified 1227 km & sup2; of highly suitable habitat for reintroduction, primarily driven by precipitation seasonality (27.9%) and precipitation of the warmest quarter (59.4% permutation importance). These findings directly inform conservation by pinpointing climatically resilient zones for reintroduction, habitat restoration, and future population reinforcement. Thirteen accessions were successfully conserved with the conventional and invitro methods in the field gene bank, and farmer's fields. In addition, morphological variations of diverse accessions of wild (20 accessions) and conserved (13 accessions) had been tested to select superior elite accessions for multiplication. Mass scale conservation of > 90000 plants was successfully done and quality seeds from diverse accessions were harvested. A total of 16 chemical compounds were analysed, and most of the compounds showed higher percent content in invitro raised sample than to the wild ones. The finding offers an opportunity to fulfill the requirement of quality planting materials.