2025-11-15 SOLAR ENERGY 2025 301(卷), null(期), (null页)
This study proposes an integrated energy-water management framework employing Floating Photovoltaic (FPV) technology for deployment in semi-arid regions, with Chah-Nimeh Lake in Iran as a case study. The system combines Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for dynamic reconfiguration of 9 x 9 PV arrays under partial shading conditions, a Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC)-based High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) interface for stable and efficient power transmission, and the Penman-Monteith model to quantify water evaporation reduction. The PSO-based configuration achieves a peak power output of 14.58 kW and reduces mismatch losses by 46.9 % compared to the Total Cross-Tied (TCT) arrangement. The results show that full FPV surface coverage yields a 75 % reduction in evaporation, which shows the system's dual benefits for energy generation and water conservation. This work presents a scalable, high-performance solution for sustainable development in waterstressed environments by addressing the energy-water nexus through FPV deployment.